Chandrayan -I: A mission to the moon
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October 22nd, 2008, is a red-letter day for India. That day Sriharikota was busy with activities. People of India were anxious to hear about the success of Chandrayan I. It was a mission to the moon.
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Do you know where Sriharikota is? It is an island in the east coast of Andhra Pradesh. Sriharikota is about 100 km from Chennai, and it lies in the Bay of Bengal. Once this island was a paradise for native and migratory birds.
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Today it is a busy spaceport. Rockets are launched from spaceport. Rockets are used to put the satellites or spacecrafts into their orbits. Do you know the difference between a satellite and a spacecraft? A satellite moves round the earth, but a spacecraft moves into the space away from the earth.
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The first big rocket was sent up from Sriharikota was SLV-3 on August 10th, 1979. It carried a satellite named Rohini. The rocket PSLV-CLI was sent up on 22nd October, 2008. It carried the spacecraft Chandrayan-I. It reached its destination on 25th November, 2008. The spacecraft covered about 3.8 lakh km and began to revolve at an altitude of 100 km around the moon.
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The mission of Chandrayan-I was to collect information about the moon. It carried eleven scientific instruments. Of these, five were manufactured in India. They took pictures of the moon’s soil. They gathered information about the moon’s hills, valleys, craters, minerals, chemicals etc.
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MIPA was an important instrument of Chandrayan-I. The National Flag was printed on it. It ejected from Chandrayan-I and crashed on the moon. Thus, the tricolour was dropped on the moon. That was a golden moment for all Indians.
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The Moon is a moving body in the sky. It moves round a planet. The moon is the only satellite of the earth. It takes the moon one month to revolve once around the earth. It is very beautiful. The light of the moon is so pleasant that people want to know about this satellite. Missions to the moon started in 1959.
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So far there have been sixty-eight missions to the moon. Chandrayaan- I is the latest one. There are two kinds of missions to the moon, one kind is the spacecraft sent without a man and the other kind is the spacecraft sent with a man.
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A spacecraft may circle the moon or land on its soil. Chandrayan-I was without a man, and it didn’t land on the moon. Neil Armstrong was the first human to walk on the surface of the moon, so far, twelve persons have walked on the moon. India is also planning to send man to the moon.
āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻļāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°ā§° āĻāĻžā§°āĻŋāĻāĻĢāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§ā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ ā§ąāĻ¤ā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨-ā§§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻš āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻā§°ā§ āĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻ ā§ąāĻ¤ā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻž āĻ¨āĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ¨ā§āĻ˛ āĻā§°ā§āĻŽāĻˇā§āĻā§ā§°āĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻĒā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻĸāĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻš āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛, āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻā§, āĻŦāĻžā§°āĻāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻĸāĻŧāĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšāĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ˛ā§ āĻĒāĻ ā§ā§ąāĻžā§° āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
           The mission of Chandrayan-I is complete. It has detected the presence of water on the moon. The success of Chandrayan-l is the success of the scientists of ISRO. This organisation started the space programme of India in 1969. With the journey of Chandrayan-I, ISRO has become the world’s sixth organisation sending a spacecraft to the moon. We are really proud of the Indian Space Research Organisation.        Â
āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨-ā§§ā§° āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻŖ āĻšā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§ā§° āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻĻāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨-ā§§ā§° āĻ¸āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻž āĻšā§āĻā§ āĻāĻā§°ā§ā§° āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ā§° āĻ¸āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻā§ā§ąā§ ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§¯ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¤ā§° āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¸ā§āĻā§ āĻā§°āĻŽā§āĻ āĻā§°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨-ā§§ ā§° āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§ā§°āĻžā§° āĻ˛āĻā§ āĻ˛āĻā§ āĻāĻā§°ā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ˛ā§ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻļāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§ā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§° āĻˇāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻ āĻ¨ āĻšā§ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻā§ąā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻ¸āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻā§ā§°ā§ąāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
Know the abbreviations: –
SLV – Satellite Launch Vehicle
(āĻā§āĻā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§)
PSLV – Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
(āĻĒâāĻ˛āĻžā§° āĻā§āĻā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§)
ISRO – Indian Space Research Organisation
(āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻā§ ā§°āĻŋāĻāĻžā§°ā§āĻ āĻ ā§°āĻā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻāĻā§āĻāĻ¨ā§)
MIP – Moon Impact Probe.
(āĻŽā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§āĻŦ)
Km â Kilometre (āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžā§°)
EXERCISE
1. Answer the following: –
a) What is the difference between a satellite and a spacecraft?
āĻāĻĒāĻā§ā§°āĻš āĻā§°ā§ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻļāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŋ?
Ans: – The difference between a satellite and a spacecraft is – A satellite moves round the earth, but a spacecraft moves into the space away from the earth.
āĻāĻĒāĻā§ā§°āĻš āĻā§°ā§ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻļāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§° āĻŽāĻžāĻā§° āĻĒāĻžā§°ā§āĻĨāĻā§āĻ¯ āĻšā§āĻā§ – āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻĒāĻā§ā§°āĻš āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§ā§° āĻāĻžā§°āĻŋāĻāĻĢāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§ā§°ā§, āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻļāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋā§ąā§ā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻļāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
b) How many missions to the moon have been carried out so far?
āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻāĻž āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻā§°āĻž āĻšā§āĻā§?
Ans: – Sixty-eight missions to the moon have been carried out so far.
Chandrayan -I: A mission to the moon
āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ˛ā§ ā§Ŧā§Ž āĻāĻž āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻā§°āĻž āĻšā§āĻā§āĨ¤
c) Where is Sriharikota?
āĻļā§ā§°ā§āĻšā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻ’āĻ¤ āĻāĻā§?
Ans: – Sriharikota is located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is 100 km from Chennai, and lies in the Bay of Bengal.
āĻļā§ā§°ā§āĻšā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¤ā§° āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ā§° āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĻā§āĻļ ā§°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻ ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§° āĻĒā§°āĻž ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžā§° āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¤, āĻā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻāĻā§āĻĒāĻ¸āĻžāĻā§°āĻ¤ āĻ ā§ąāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
d) How many Indian scientific instruments were there in the Chandrayan-I?
āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨-ā§§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻāĻž āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛?
Ans: – Five Indian scientific instruments were there in the Chandrayan-I.
āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨-ā§§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
e) Who was the first man to walk on the moon?
āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻĸāĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻšāĻāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛?
Ans: – Neil Armstrong was the first human to walk on the moon.
āĻ¨ā§āĻ˛ āĻā§°ā§āĻŽāĻˇā§āĻā§ā§°āĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻĸāĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻš āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
f) Which instrument dropped the National flag on the moon?
āĻā§āĻ¨āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¤ ā§°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛?
Ans: – The MIPA instrument dropped the National flag on the moon.
āĻāĻŽāĻāĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§ā§ąā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¤ ā§°āĻžāĻˇā§āĻā§ā§°ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
g) Why 22nd October, 2008 is a Red-Letter Day for Indian?
ā§¨ā§¨ āĻ āĻā§āĻā§āĻŦā§°, ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ž āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸āĻāĻ˛ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§°āĻŖā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨?
Chandrayan -I: A mission to the moon
Ans: – October 22, 2008, is a special day for India because it marks the successful launch of Chandrayaan-I, India’s first mission to the Moon.
ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ž āĻāĻ¨ā§° ā§¨ā§¨ āĻ āĻā§āĻā§āĻŦā§° āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¤ā§° āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§°āĻŖā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻžā§°āĻŖ āĻāĻ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻžā§°āĻ¤ā§° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯ā§ā§ąāĻž āĻĒā§ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨-ā§§ā§° āĻ¸āĻĢāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻĒāĻŖ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
h) Why are we proud of ISRO?
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻā§°ā§āĻ āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻā§ā§°ā§ąāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤?
Ans: – By sending the Chandrayan-I spacecraft successfully to the moon the ISRO has become the worldâs sixth organisation. Therefore, we are proud of ISRO.
āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨-ā§§ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻļāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻžā§°ā§ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§ā§°ā§ā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°āĻŋ āĻāĻā§°ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§° āĻˇāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻ āĻ¨ āĻšā§ āĻĒā§°āĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻšā§, āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻā§°ā§āĻ āĻ˛ā§ āĻā§ā§°ā§ąāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
i) Which is the only satellite of the earth?
Ans: – The Moon is the only satellite of the earth.
j) Is there water on the moon?
āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŋ?
Ans: – Yes, there is water on the moon.
āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ā§°āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
2. Fill up the blanks: –
a) The moon revolves around the earth in ____ month.
Ans: – The moon revolves around the earth in one month.
b) The success of Chandrayan-I is the success of the __ of ISRO.
Ans: – The success of Chandrayan-I is the success of the scientists
Chandrayan -I: A mission to the moon
of ISRO.
c) ISRO started the space programme of India in _______.
Ans: – ISRO started the space programme of India in 1969.
d) ISRO is the world ___ organization sending spacecraft to the moon.
Ans: – ISRO is the worldâs sixth organization sending spacecraft to the moon.
e) Once Sriharikota was a _____ for birds.
Ans: – Once Sriharikota was a paradise for birds.
f) Rockets are launched from ______.
Ans: – Rockets are launched from spaceport.
g) Sriharikota lies in the ________.
Ans: – Sriharikota lies in the Bay of Bengal.
h) The name of the rocket sent up on 10 August, 1979 was ___.
Ans: – The name of the rocket sent up on 10 August, 1979 was SLV-3.
i) PSLV-CLI carried the spacecraft ________.
Ans: – PSLV-CLI carried the spacecraft Chandrayan-I.
j) The mission of Chandrayan-I was to collect ____on the moon.
Ans: – The mission of Chandrayan-I was to collect information on the moon.
3. Understand the following: –
a) October 22, 2008 may be written as 22nd October, 2008.
Chandrayan -I: A mission to the moon
October 22, 2008 āĻ 22nd October, 2008 āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§°ā§āĻ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤
b) 25th November, 2008 may be written as November 25, 2008.
25th November, 2008 āĻ November 25, 2008 āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§°ā§āĻ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻŦ āĻĒāĻžā§°āĻŋāĨ¤
(iii) Use of the word âPortâ
Aeroplanes fly from airport.
Ships sail from seaport.
           Spacecrafts are sent from spaceport.
(iv) Read the sentences and mark âtrueâ or âfalseâ
(a) There is no water on the moon.
Ans: – False
(b) Chandrayan-I was a mission to the moon.
Ans: – True.
(c) Chandrayan-I was a failure.
Ans: – False.
(d) The moon is a moving body in the sky.
Ans: – True
(e) The scientists of ISRO were successful.
Ans: – True
(f) It is not sure whether there is water on the moon.
Ans: – False
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